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   In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell, an American engineer, invented telephone.    In 1908 James M. Spangler from the USA built the first vacuum cleaner.    In 1908 US automobile manufacturer Henry Ford created the world’s first car assembly line.  Akikto Morito (Japan) developed the first personal stereo – Sony Walkman.  John Logie Baird from Scotland invented television in 1926.  In 1895 the Lumiere brothers patented their cinematography and opened the world’s first cinema in Paris. Nicephore Niepce from France pioneered photography in 1829.   In 1981 Bill Gates (USA) created Microsoft-DOS (Disk Operating System).   Wilbur and Orville Wright built the first airplane in 1903 (USA).   Scottish scientist Ian Wilmat developed the idea of cloning in 1997.    Karl Benz produced the world’s first petrol driven motor-car in Germany in 1885.    Sergei Кorolyev (Russia) designed the first artificial satellite in 1957.

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The first Russia’s automobile was designed by P.A. Frez and E.A. Yakovlev. By May 1896 the car had been built. In 1945 the Nobel prize was given for penicillin that had been discovered in 1928.The first gas stove had been made long before the first electric stove appeared. In the middle of the 19th century, although it had been tasted, the sewing machine did not interesting very many people.In 1928 Richard Drew perfected the Scotch tape, which had been invented by Jim Kirst from the USA in 1923.The first ballpoint pen was produced in 1940 though it had been invented by L. Biro, a Hungarian artist and journalist, in 1905.In 1996, Japanese scientists created a solar power car called Dream. To create it they used the solar cells, which have been developed in the middle of the century.In July 1897, a hydrogen balloon was launched from the shores of Daniel island in the Arctic in an attempt to cross to the North Pole.In 1909, American explorers R. Peary and M. Henson became the first westerners to reach the North Pole.In 1911, two expeditions set out to be the first to conquer the South Pole. One was led by Captain R. Scott – on skis. The other was led by Norwegian explorer R. Amundsen.In 1926, R. Byrd and F. Bennett of the US Navy were the first to use air transport. They took off to the North Pole in a single-engined propeller driven plane.Using its radar to pick out a weak spot in ice, the USS Skate became the first submarine to break through and rest on the surface close to the North Pole in 1959. More like a spaceship than a submarine, the USS Billfish broke through the ice near the North Pole in 1987. In 1992, British explorers Sir Ranulf Fiennes and Mike Stroud became the first people to cross Antarctica on their own with no outside support.    

      Ø photocopier/the first electric cell