Урок по теме: Знакомство с особенностями комедии дель Арте на примере пьесы Карло Гольдоне «Слуга двух господ».

1 этап урока. Приветствие.

         2 этап урока. Познакомить с особенностями комедии дель арте.

Знакомство с биографией Карло Гольдони.

         Комедия дель арте (итал. commedia dell'arte), или комедия масок — вид итальянского народного (площадного) театра, спектакли которого создавались методом импровизации, на основе сценария, содержащего краткую сюжетную схему представления, с участием актёров, одетых в маски.

Театр просуществовал с середины XVI до конца XVIII веков, оказав при этом значительное воздействие на дальнейшее развитие западноевропейского драматического театра. Труппы, игравшие комедии масок, были первыми в Европе профессиональными театральными труппами, где закладывались основы актёрского мастерства и где впервые присутствовали элементы режиссуры (эти функции исполнял ведущий актёр труппы, называемый капоко́мико, итал. capocomico).

К XIX веку комедия дель арте изживает себя, но находит продолжение в пантомиме и мелодраме. В  XX веке комедия служит моделью для синтетического театра Мейерхольда и Вахтангова, а также французов Жака Копо и Жана-Луи Барро, возрождавших выразительность сценического жеста и импровизации и придававших большое значение ансамблевой игре.

Принцип, в котором одни и те же персонажи (маски) участвуют в различных по содержанию сценариях, сегодня широко используется в создании комедийных телесериалов, а искусство импровизации — в stand-up comedy.

Comedy del Arte (ital. commedia Dell'arte), or the Comedy of masks is— the kind of Italian folk theatre, the performances of which were created by improvisation, script-based, containing a brief narrative scheme performance, with actors wearing masks.
The theatre existed since the mid-sixteenth to late eighteenth centuries, having a significant impact on the further development of Western drama theatre. Troupes, who played the Comedy of masks, were the first in Europe professional theatre companies, where the foundation of acting began and where the elements of directing were for the first time (these functions were performed by the leading actor of the troupe, called capotosto, ital. capocomico).
By the XIX century Comedy del Arte is becoming obsolete, but continues in pantomime and melodrama. In the XX century it serves as a model for synthetic theater of Meyerhold and Vakhtangov, and the French of Jacques Copo and Jean-Louis Barrault, who recreated the stage expressiveness of gesture and improvisation and attached great importance to the ensemble playing.
The principle, in which the same characters (masks) are involved in various scenarios, is widely used today in the creation of the Comedy TV series, and the art of improvisation — in stand-up comedy.

  Карло Гольдони (1707-93) — итальянский драматург, создатель национальной комедии.                                                                                     Осуществил просветительскую реформу итальянской драматургии и театра, создавая на основе традиций импровизированной комедии дель арте

драматургию с реальными характерами и содержанием, проникнутым просветительскими идеями, остроумной критикой пороков общества. Гольдони написал 267 пьес, в т. ч. «Слуга двух господ» (1745-53), «Хитрая вдова» (1748), «Трактирщица» (1753), оперные либретто. «Мемуары» (1784-87) — ценный документ по истории театра.

Carlo Goldoni (1707-93) was an Italian playwright, creator of the national Comedy. He implemented educational reform of the Italian drama and theatre, creating on the basis of the tradition of improvised Commedia Dell'arte drama with real characters and content, imbued with enlightenment ideas, witty criticism of the vices of society. Goldoni wrote 267 plays, including "the Servant of two masters" (1745-53), "the Cunning widow" (1748), "The landlady" (1753), an Opera libretto. "Memoirs" (1784-87) is a valuable document on the history of theatre.

3 этап урока. Знакомство с кратким содержанием произведения.

Карло Гольдони - "Слуга двух господ". Забавная история случившаяся 250 лет тому назад, началась с убийства богатого сеньора Федерико, за которого венецианский купец Панталоне обещал выдать свою дочь Клариче. И тогда пришлось Панталоне отдать свою дочь за Сильвио, сына местного доктора. Однако в день помолвки молодых, в дом Панталоне вдруг является убитый Федерико. Только Бригелла, содержатель гостиницы, узнаёт в этом "приведении" его сестру Беатриче. Её слуга ловкий малый Труффальдино, неожиданно для самого себя начинает прислуживать и возлюбленному своей хозяйки Флориндо. Парадоксальность ситуации в том, что оба господина до конца пьесы даже и не догадываются, что у них один слуга на двоих.

Carlo Goldoni's "Servant of two masters". Funny story of what happened 250 years ago, began with the murder of a wealthy Signora Federico, whom the Venetian merchant Pantalone promised to give his daughter Clarissa. And then Pantalone had to give his daughter to Silvio, the son of a local doctor. However, on the day of engagement of the young, killed Federico suddenly came to the house of Pantalone. Only Brighella, the innkeeper, finds out in this "reduction" his sister Beatrice. Her deft fellow servant Truffaldino, suddenly found himself starting to administer and lover of his mistress Florindo. The paradox that both gentlemen until the end of the play do not even realize that they have one servant for two.

4 этап урока. Проработать диалог (файл «Диалог (мимы)»). Фразы, выделенные жирным шрифтом (spectators’ answer) выучить с ребятами наизусть.

The dialogue of two mimes.

Two mimes artists appear on the stage in the dark, music is playing.

- Do you know why it is so dark? Where are we now?

- Ok, let’s find out it! (He is taking a flashlight, lighting all the sides, the light is falling on the masks)

-  AAAA! What is it?

- Don’t be scared! These are only theatre masks. So we are in the theatre.

- What theatre is it?

- We are in Italian masked comedy.

- What is it?

- You don’t know anything of it, do you?

- I don’t know really.

- Don’t you know?

-No, I don’t.

- (he asks spectators) Do you know? (Yes) Would you be so kind to explain what mask comedy theatre means?

- (spectators’ answer) It is the theatre of mask and improvisation.

- You are perfectly right

- AAAAA! Who is it?

- These are the most famous characters of the mask comedy. This is   Pantalone, he is rich and he is from Venice. He is a merchant. And this is a doctor, he is not educated enough. And this is a Captain, he is a humbug war-dog and these are dzans, they are servants. They are smart and funny but sometimes owners offence them because they try to cheat them. And this is sweet couple. By the way they are the only characters who look smart and they are without masks.

- Why do you call it the theatre of improvisation?

- (he asks spectators) Do you know why?

- (spectators’ answer)  because the actors know their characters and plot. And all the dialogues are born on a stage.

- It is great! Do you know which century we are in?

-Don’t you know it too?

- I know. But I forget about it.

-  I can give you an idea. In the…

- In the eighth?

- In the eig….

- In the 88th?

- (twists a finger ) In the eighteenth!

-  Ok. I wanted to say in the 18 th. And what are we doing here?  

- What?! We are inspiring!

- Who  are these people this time?

- (he is making a gesture, a portrait of Carlo Goldoni is projected on the screen) He is! Carlo Goldoni! Don’t ask me who it is.

-  Who is it?

- (he is closing his eyes and asking spectators)

- (spectators’ answer) He is an Italian dramatist and he started to create new theatre with true characters and educational content.

- And what is he creating now?

 - Well, let`s look. (He is looking behind the screen)

- This comedy is about quick servant, his name is Trufaldino and he tried to serve two owners at once.

-  How did he manage to do it?

-  The play has not been finished yet. But we can know something about the characters now.  (They are opening the screen, the characters are standing there)

- Wow! Who is it? Man, who are you? Pretty signora, who are you? (He is making gestures trying to make characters alive)

- You have little knowledge about it. The character will be alive if you start telling the story about him or her in the play (he is whispering for spectators) It seems to me he needs our help.  (Loudly) So, in front of us…

- Can you help me?

- (he is whispering) I told you! (Loudly) He is signor Pan… (He is making gesture for spectators to keep silence)

- Panda…

- (he is shaking his head saying “no”) No, signor Pan..(he is making gesture for spectators to keep silence)

- Pancreatic …

- Signor Paan… (he is making gesture to speak) Pantalone.  That’s right! What do you know about him?

- I didn’t expect  that poor Trufaldino came in for a lot of trouble, but I think, in the end of the play everything will be ok and we will see two! Not two weddings!

 -  If you want to know it, you should read the book of the theatre by Carlo Goldoni, and find the “Servant and two owners” in it.

- So, it is  day-off, it helps to find something common in each other.

-  We speak different languages, but the language of comedy and theatre can perform magic!

 -  Everybody can understand this language and it works out very well for us.

 - And in the end of this day we want to dance together like Italian “Tarantella! Everybody dances!!!

5 этап урока. Выучить описание персонажей  на английском языке (файл «Представление  персонажей). Фразы, выделенные жирным шрифтом наизусть. Панталоне.

Я купец из Венеции синьор Панталоне. Я только что разорвал помолвку моей дочери Клариче с синьором Сильвио.

 I’m the merchant of Venice, Signor Pantalone. I’ve just broken the engagement of my daughter Clarissa with Signor Silvio.

Беатриче.

Я синьора Беатриче, а вовсе не Федериго Распони, как думают синьор Панталоне и все его домочадцы. Я переоделась в мужское платье и приехала из Турина в Венецию.

I’m Signora Beatrice, and I’m not Federigo Rasponi, as Signor Pantalone and all his family think. I dressed like a man and travelled from Turin to Venice.

Флориндо.

Я синьор Флориндо Аретузи. Это от моей руки погиб на дуэли Федериго Распони - брат моей возлюбленной Беатриче. 

I’m Signor Florindo Aretusi. It's from my hand Federico Rasponi -the brother of my beloved Beatrice was killed during a duel.

Смеральдина.

Я служанка синьора Панталоне Смеральдина. Я ужасно расстроена тем, что помолвка синьоры  Клариче и синьора Сильвио расстроена. Ведь они так любят друг друга!

I am a servant of Signor Pantalone- Smeraldina. I'm terribly upset that the engagement of Signora Clarice and Signor Silvio finished. They love each other so much!

 Труффальдино.

Я Труффальдино Баттокьо из бергамских низин. Все что у меня есть – это мой веселый нрав и расторопность, с которой я готов услужить любому знатному синьору, если, конечно,  меня ждет за это хорошее вознаграждение.

I am Truffaldino Battocchio from Bergamo lowlands. All I have is my cheerful mood and quickness with which I am prepared to serve any noble gentleman, of course if good reward is waiting for me.

6 этап урока. Рефлексия. Подведение итогов. Прощание.